Development of set-on-demand 3D printable limestone-calcined clay-based cementitious materials using desalination brine

The discharge of desalination brine, characterized by an exceptionally high chloride salt concentration, into marine or surface water bodies poses significant threats to aquatic ecosystems. Utilizing desalination in concrete without steel reinforcement emerges as a potential sustainable solution. This study introduces an innovative approach to address these challenges, proposing the development of limestone-calcined clay-based cementitious (LC3) materials accelerated by desalination brine within an inline static mixer-based 3D concrete printing (3DCP) setup. Additionally, the effect of brine on the fresh properties and early-age hydration was also investigated.