Independently Tunable Triband Patch Antenna with Band-Notched Characteristics for X-Band Applications

This paper presents a triband antenna with a simple design for X-band applications. The proposed antenna is designed based on a patch with a truncated corner slot and complementary split-ring resonators in the ground plane. In this way, the antenna exhibits three operating bands and its resonant frequencies can be controlled independently by changing dimensions of the slot in the patch and the resonator structures in the ground plane. In addition, due to the antiresonant behavior of the complementary split-ring resonator structures, the antenna exhibits a notch-band characteristic at 10.7 GHz. A parametric study is performed to provide a detailed understanding of the independent resonance tuning behavior of the antenna. Both simulated and measured results of the proposed antenna are presented, which are in good agreement. The proposed antenna shows three operating bands in the X-band including (with absolute and relative bandwidths) 9.4–9.7 GHz (300 MHz, 3.14%), 10.3–10.6 GHz (300 MHz, 2.86%), and 11.05–11.32 GHz (297 MHz, 2.66%). In addition to that, a notched band of 10.6–11.05 GHz is introduced to exclude operation in the frequency bands of radiometric observation systems (10.6–10.7 GHz). To the best of our knowledge, this work is unique in its combination of independent tuning of three frequency bands of operation with single-layer implementation in the X-band. Such a structure provides additional degrees of freedom to the antenna design, customizing operation in the required bands while avoiding operation in other bands.