The European Research Programmes in Coastal Engineering

Since 1989, the European Union has established a number of scientific programmes to promote and coordinate a wide range of activities such as transport, fisheries, environment, tourism, etc. which also have an impact on the coastal zone. The efforts of the European Commission to promote an overall concept of Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) encompass activities from the research carried out under the Marine Science and Technology programme (MAST) to the Environment and Climate programme (ENV).